Field Notes for Anthesis to Dispersal

Notes for anthesis to dispersal for adjacent plants (days of anthesis in red):

C. carduacea	C. texana
day 1 — 17 March head open only slightly, bowing over pot (cernuous), directed ESE perfect florets visible above the pappus eligulate styles just showing above the pappus day 2 — 18 March head 90° (N) at 8:30; 22° (N) at 2:30 all styles well exserted day 3 — 19 March peduncle bowed (N), but rises to 0° lowering later to ± 90° (W) in late afternoon (then N) all styles well exserted perfect florets with pollen mass pappus visible, to just below style branch, but within involucre peduncle bend starts to develop day 4 — 20 March inner eligulate styles barely showing peripheral styles turn pink (no trace of ligules) pappus almost to style tips, same height as inner phyllaries peduncle bend develops, clear by late afternoon head starts > 90° (N), rises to 45° (NW), then later back to > 90° (NW) day 5 — 21 March pappus longer than phyllaries inner styles mostly not showing, some tips barely visible peripheral styles almost within the surrounding pappus peduncle bend clearly visible head at 160° (N) rising to 90° (W) then later back to 160° (N) day 6 — 22 March all styles concealed by pappus head at 170° rising to 90° then later back to 110° (all N) day 7 — 23 March eligulate styles not visible pappus is longer than perfect florets, pappus of peripheral florets not visible head at 170° (N) rising to 90° (NW) then later back to 180° (N) day 8 — 24 March head at 180° (N) rising to 135° (N) then later back to 180° (NW) day 9 — 25 March head at 190° rising to 160° then later back to 190° (all N) day 11 — 27 March head at 190° (N to NW) day 15 — 31 March head at 190° (N to W) day 16 — 1 April head at 180°–190° day 17–20 — 2-6 April no change day 21 — 7 April head at > 190° day 23 — 8 April head at > 190° starts to open for dispersal, rise to 60° day 24 — 9 April dispersal at 0°	day 1 — 14 February ligules within phyllaries, which are slightly reflexing eligulate styles clearly showing pappus not visible, below style branch day 3 — 16 February 1pm, head opens in semi–erect position; later is cernuous, closes in evening photo shows that phyllaries are being pushed back by the ligules ligules only slightly longer than phyllaries eligulate styles well exserted pappus visible, exceeds style branch day 4 — 17 February ligules over phyllaries, which are less reflexing ligules lengthened, somewhat longer than phyllaries eligulate styles still showing pappus almost to style tips peripheral floret pappus within involucre peduncle bend developing 8:42 am, head closed, raised to 90° (facing ESE) 4:30 pm very erect, mostly open 4:40 pm, facing S 6:55 pm, 90° (facing ESE) day 5 — 18 February ligules well over phyllaries, which are no longer reflexing eligulate styles mostly not showing, some barely pappus longer than styles peduncle bend small 6:39 am, ligules very closed, angle < 90° (facing ESE) 8:23, no change 15:52, erect & open (facing S) day 6 — 19 February ligules well over phyllaries, which are no longer reflexing eligulate styles concealed by pappus peripheral floret pappus within involucre peduncle bend clearly visible 7:07 am, ligules closed, angle > 90° (facing SE) 8:41, no change 10:12 head raised, starts to open 11:08, head raised slightly & continues to open 12:21, head raised slightly & almost fully open 2:46, head no longer raised, fully open with reflexed ligules (still facing SE) 17:16, head almost erect, fully open (facing S) 19:14, head c. 90°, starting to close 19:42, head closed day 7 — 20 February ligules well over phyllaries, which no longer reflexing eligulate styles not visible pappus is longer than perfect florets, pappus of peripheral florets not visible 8:36, head opening (facing ESE) 11:68, head <90°, mostly open 2:39, head raised some, very open (facing S) 4:39, head almost erect, open 6:54, slightly lowered, closing (facing SE) 8:37, lowered, closed (facing SE) day 8 — 21 February pappus of peripheral florets visible (exserted from involucre), enclosing the styles head doesn't open fully 6:53 am, head slightly <90°, starting to open 2:02–2:22, head not raised, partially open 4:39, head semi–erect, mostly closed (facing S) 6:14, head lowered some, closed, ligules straight (facing SSE) day 9 — 22 February 9:58,head closed (facing SSE) 4:52, head <90°, ligules straight (facing S) day 10 — 23 February 8:29, same as last on 2/22 2:38, no change day 11 — 24 February no change day 12 — 25 February 4:52, head <90°, ligules straight (facing SSW) day 13 — 27 February head >90°, ligules straight, well above the involucre (facing SSW) day 14 — 28 February head nodding more, ligules & pappus more exserted, central pappus more exserted than ligules; ligule color hasn't changed; else no change day 15–26 — 1-11 March no change, but nodding seems greater, facing more to SW 4 March: lig color starting to yellow 5 March: even more yellowish 11 March: some signs of discoloring (no crimson) day 28 — 13 March head dispersed, erect

C. carduacea

C. texana

day 1 — 17 March: head open only slightly, bowing over pot (cernuous), directed ESE
perfect florets visible above the pappus
eligulate styles just showing above the pappus
day 2 — 18 March: head 90° (N) at 8:30; 22° (N) at 2:30
all styles well exserted
day 3 — 19 March: peduncle bowed (N), but rises to 0° lowering later to ± 90° (W) in late afternoon (then N)
all styles well exserted
perfect florets with pollen mass
pappus visible, to just below style branch, but within involucre
peduncle bend starts to develop
day 4 — 20 March: inner eligulate styles barely showing
peripheral styles turn pink (no trace of ligules)
pappus almost to style tips, same height as inner phyllaries
peduncle bend develops, clear by late afternoon
head starts > 90° (N), rises to 45° (NW), then later back to > 90° (NW)
day 5 — 21 March: pappus longer than phyllaries
inner styles mostly not showing, some tips barely visible
peripheral styles almost within the surrounding pappus
peduncle bend clearly visible
head at 160° (N) rising to 90° (W) then later back to 160° (N)
day 6 — 22 March: all styles concealed by pappus
head at 170° rising to 90° then later back to 110° (all N)
day 7 — 23 March: eligulate styles not visible
pappus is longer than perfect florets, pappus of peripheral florets not visible
head at 170° (N) rising to 90° (NW) then later back to 180° (N)
day 8 — 24 March: head at 180° (N) rising to 135° (N) then later back to 180° (NW)
day 9 — 25 March: head at 190° rising to 160° then later back to 190° (all N)
day 11 — 27 March: head at 190° (N to NW)
day 15 — 31 March: head at 190° (N to W)
day 16 — 1 April: head at 180°–190°
day 17–20 — 2-6 April
no change
day 21 — 7 April: head at > 190°
day 23 — 8 April: head at > 190°
starts to open for dispersal, rise to 60°
day 24 — 9 April: dispersal at 0°

day 1 — 14 February: ligules within phyllaries, which are slightly reflexing
eligulate styles clearly showing
pappus not visible, below style branch
day 3 — 16 February: 1pm, head opens in semi–erect position; later is cernuous, closes in evening
photo shows that phyllaries are being pushed back by the ligules
ligules only slightly longer than phyllaries
eligulate styles well exserted
pappus visible, exceeds style branch
day 4 — 17 February: ligules over phyllaries, which are less reflexing
ligules lengthened, somewhat longer than phyllaries
eligulate styles still showing
pappus almost to style tips
peripheral floret pappus within involucre
peduncle bend developing
8:42 am, head closed, raised to 90° (facing ESE)
4:30 pm very erect, mostly open
4:40 pm, facing S
6:55 pm, 90° (facing ESE)
day 5 — 18 February: ligules well over phyllaries, which are no longer reflexing
eligulate styles mostly not showing, some barely
pappus longer than styles
peduncle bend small
6:39 am, ligules very closed, angle < 90° (facing ESE)
8:23, no change
15:52, erect & open (facing S)
day 6 — 19 February: ligules well over phyllaries, which are no longer reflexing
eligulate styles concealed by pappus
peripheral floret pappus within involucre
peduncle bend clearly visible
7:07 am, ligules closed, angle > 90° (facing SE)
8:41, no change
10:12 head raised, starts to open
11:08, head raised slightly & continues to open
12:21, head raised slightly & almost fully open
2:46, head no longer raised, fully open with reflexed ligules (still facing SE)
17:16, head almost erect, fully open (facing S)
19:14, head c. 90°, starting to close
19:42, head closed
day 7 — 20 February: ligules well over phyllaries, which no longer reflexing
eligulate styles not visible
pappus is longer than perfect florets, pappus of peripheral florets not visible
8:36, head opening (facing ESE)
11:68, head <90°, mostly open
2:39, head raised some, very open (facing S)
4:39, head almost erect, open
6:54, slightly lowered, closing (facing SE)
8:37, lowered, closed (facing SE)
day 8 — 21 February: pappus of peripheral florets visible (exserted from involucre), enclosing the styles
head doesn't open fully
6:53 am, head slightly <90°, starting to open
2:02–2:22, head not raised, partially open
4:39, head semi–erect, mostly closed (facing S)
6:14, head lowered some, closed, ligules straight (facing SSE)
day 9 — 22 February: 9:58,head closed (facing SSE)
4:52, head <90°, ligules straight (facing S)
day 10 — 23 February: 8:29, same as last on 2/22
2:38, no change
day 11 — 24 February: no change
day 12 — 25 February: 4:52, head <90°, ligules straight (facing SSW)
day 13 — 27 February: head >90°, ligules straight, well above the involucre (facing SSW)
day 14 — 28 February: head nodding more, ligules & pappus more exserted, central pappus more exserted than ligules; ligule color hasn't changed; else no change
day 15–26 — 1-11 March
no change, but nodding seems greater, facing more to SW
4 March: lig color starting to yellow
5 March: even more yellowish
11 March: some signs of discoloring (no crimson)
day 28 — 13 March: head dispersed, erect

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