Vascular Plants of Williamson County

Tetraneuris linearifolia var. linearifolia [Asteraceae]
slenderleaf bitterweed

Tetraneuris linearifolia (Hooker) Greene var. linearifolia, slenderleaf bitterweed. Annual, taprooted, initially rosetted, 1(—several)–stemmed at base, erect to suberect, initially with 1 principal axis forming lateral branches downward from each axillary bud, with inflorescences in range 8—35 cm tall; gynomonoecious; shoots with to 8 basal leaves and several cauline leaves, rosette miniature on the smallest plants, pubescent, gland–dotted with sunken glandular hairs on young stems and leaves and heads aging pinkish.

Stems

Stems low–ridged, to 3 mm diameter, with 3 ridges descending from each leaf but ± densely covered with upward–pointing nonglandular hairs concealing sunken glandular heads. Leaves: helically alternate, simple, petiolate (lower leaves) and subsessile (upper leaves), without stipules; petiole flared at base and above flattened to–to–bottom, to 20 mm long, indistinct from blade, 3–veined, with narrow membranous margins; blade linear, or nearly lanceolate to oblanceolate–linear or spatulate (narrowly elliptic–oblanceolate), 5.3—60 × 0.9—5 mm, long–tapered at base, entire, acute at tip, 3–veined from base with white midrib raised on lower surface, fine nonglandular hairs to 4 mm long.

Inflorescence

Inflorescence heads, solitary and terminal on long peduncle of each principal shoot, head radiate, 11—26+ mm across, with 4—13 pistillate ray flowers and 8—125+ bisexual disc flowers, disc 3.8—13.5 mm across, bracteate; peduncle arising at or below midplant, erect, straight and slender, 32—170+ × 1.5 mm, appressed–villous or sericeous to short–strigose with upward–pointing hairs concealing inconspicuous glandular hairs colorless at flowering, lacking bracts (calyculus) at top; involucre broadly funnel–shaped to hemispheroid, 3.5—6 × 3—15 mm, in range phyllaries 8—20 in 2—3 series, outer phyllaries ovate and inner phyllaries oblong to narrowly obovate or elliptic, 2—3.5 × 0.8—1.5 mm, finely 2–veined, green but inner phyllaries with colorless margins, colorless margin sometimes with a shoulder, often with a reddish callus at tip, sericeous on green tissue; receptacle convex to domed, lacking bractlets (paleae), with glandular hairs between ovaries.

Ray flower

Ray flower bilateral, 2.5—6.5 mm across (corolla limb); calyx (pappus) of (4—)5—7 awned, scarious scales (aristate), in more than 1 series, ca. 2.5 mm long, scarious portion obovate, 1.2—1.5 mm long, awnlike portion from ca. midpoint with fine point at tip; corolla 3(—4)–lobed; tube 0.8—1.3 × 0.7 mm, pale green, densely short–hairy; limb narrowly fan–shaped to obovate or elliptic, 5—10.5 × 2.5—6.5 mm, orange–yellow with 4 green–yellow raised veins on lower surface, the 2 central veins 2–forked to lobes, lobes obtuse to rounded (acute), 0.2—2 mm long, lower surface short–hirsute and with conspicuous short–stalked glandular hairs with spheric, colorless heads; stamens absent; pistil 1; ovary inferior, narrowly inversely pyramidal, ± 1.7 × 0.5 mm, greenish, oblique at base, short–hairy with ascending hairs, 1–chambered with 1 ovule; style with tips of stigmatic branches exserted or scarcely so, ca. 1.8 mm long, 2–branched from midpoint.

Disc flower

Disc flower radial, ca. 1 mm across, 4—4.5 mm long; in bud truncate on top with a thick cover of yellow–orange (golden) hairs ± 0.3 mm long, the hairs sometimes with a scarlet terminal cell; calyx (pappus) of (4—)5—7 awned, scarious scales (aristate), in more than 1 series, ca. 2.5 mm long, scarious portion obovate, 1.2—1.5 mm long, awnlike portion from ca. midpoint with fine point at tip; corolla 4—5–lobed, ca. 2 mm long; tube short–cylindric, 0.25—0.3 × 0.35 mm; throat ± bell–shaped, 1.4—1.5 × 0.7 mm, colorless with 8 or 10 yellow–orange ribs = veins to lobes and sinuses, having some short hairs; lobes deltate, ca. 0.35 mm, somewhat hidden by colored hairs on outer surface; stamens 4—5, attached at top of corolla tube; filaments to 0.5 mm long; anthers fused into cylinder surrounding style, basifixed, dithecal, included, 1 mm long, whitish, longitudinally dehiscent; pollen pale yellow; pistil 1; ovary inferior, narrowly inversely pyramidal, ± 1.7 × 0.5 mm, greenish, oblique at base, short–hairy with ascending hairs, 1–chambered with 1 ovule; style included, ca. 1.8 mm long, 2–branched from midpoint.

Fruits

Fruits cypselae (achenes) monomorphic; club–shaped, ca. 2 × 1 mm, with short ascending hairs; pappus of 5+ aristate scales persistent.

A. C. Gibson