Natural Purola Plants

Native and naturalized plants that have occurred naturally
on the Purola Preserve and immediately adjacent land
(i.e., have not been introduced) — 308 species.

by Bob Harms (

)

[Naturalized species are shown in red.]

Acanthaceae / Acanthus family: Justicia americana — American waterwillow; Ruellia humilis — low wild petunia; Ruellia metziae — white wild petunia; Ruellia nudiflora — wild petunia
Agavaceae / Agave family: Yucca constricta — buckley yucca; Yucca rupicola — twistedleaf yucca
Anacardiaceae / Sumac family: Rhus aromatica — fragrant sumac; Rhus lanceolata — prairie sumac; Rhus virens — evergreen sumac; Toxicodendron radicans — poison ivy
Anemiaceae / Flowering Fern family: Anemia mexicana — Mexican fern
Apiaceae / Carrot family: Chaerophyllum tainturieri — chervil; Daucus pusillus — rattlesnake weed; Spermolepis inermis — Red River scaleseed; Torilis arvensis — Canada hedgeparsley; Torilis nodosa — knotted hedgeparsley
Apocynaceae / Dogbane family: Amsonia ciliata — Texas slimpod
Aquifoliaceae / Holly family: Ilex decidua — possumhaw
Aristolochiaceae / Birthwort family: Aristolochia serpentaria — Virginia dutchmanspipe
Asclepiadaceae / Milkweed family: Asclepias asperula — antelopehorn milkweed; Asclepias oenotheroides — zizotes milkweed; Asclepias viridiflora — green antelopehorn milkweed; Asclepias viridis — green antelopehorn; Funastrum crispum — wavyleaf twinevine; Matelea biflora — twoflower milkvine; Matelea reticulata — netted milkvine
Asteraceae / Sunflower family: Ageratina havanensis — shrubby boneset; Ambrosia psilostachya — western ragweed; Amphiachyris dracunculoides — common broomweed; Baccharis neglecta — Rooseveltweed; Brickellia cylindracea — gravelbar brickellbush; Calyptocarpus vialis — straggler daisy; Centaurea melitensis — Maltese star thistle; Chaetopappa asteroides — least daisy; Chaptalia texana — silverpuff; Chrysactinia mexicana — damianita; Cirsium horridulum — bull thistle; Cirsium ochrocentrum — yellowspine thistle; Cirsium texanum — Texas thistle; Cirsium vulgare — bull thistle; Conyza canadensis — marestail; Dysodiopsis tagetoides — marygold dogweed; Eclipta alba — yerba de tajo; Engelmannia peristenia — Engelmann's daisy; Erigeron modestus — plains fleabane; Erigeron philadelphicus — Philadelphia fleabane; Eupatorium serotinum — late eupatorium; Evax prolifera — rabbit's tobacco; Evax verna — spring pygmycudweed; Gaillardia pulchella — rosering gaillardia; Gaillardia suavis — sweet gaillardia; Grindelia nuda var. nuda — curlytop gumweed; Gymnosperma glutinosum — tatalencho; Helenium amarum — bitter sneezeweed; Helenium elegans — pretty sneezeweed; Helianthus annuus — annual sunflower; Helianthus maximiliani — Maximilian sunflower; Heterotheca canescens — gray goldaster; Heterotheca latifolia — camphorweed; Hymenopappus scabiosaeus — flattop woollywhite; Iva angustifolia — narrowleaf sumpweed; Lactuca ludoviciana — Louisiana lettuce; Liatris mucronata — narrowleaf gayfeather; Liatris punctata — dotted gayfeather; Lindheimera texana — Texas star; Lygodesmia texana — Texas skeletonplant; Marshallia caespitosa — seep marshallia; Melampodium leucanthum — plains blackfoot; Palafoxia callosa — small palafoxia; Parthenium hysterophorus — whitetop weed; Pinaropappus roseus — white rocklettuce; Pluchea camphorata — camphor weed; Pluchea odorata — sweetscent; Pyrrhopappus multicaulis — manystemmed false-dandelion; Ratibida columnifera — upright prairie coneflower; Rudbeckia hirta — blackeyed Susan; Simsia calva — awnless bushsunflower; Solidago canadensis — Canada goldenrod; Solidago nemoralis — dyersweed goldenrod; Sonchus asper — prickly sowthistle; Symphyotrichum drummondii — Drummond's aster; Symphyotrichum ericoides — white heath aster; Symphyotrichum subulatum — eastern annual saltmarsh aster; Taraxacum officinale — dandelion; Tetragonotheca texana — squarebud daisy; Tetraneuris scaposa — slender-stem bitterweed; Thelesperma filifolium — plains greenthread; Thelesperma simplicifolium — slender greenthread; Thymophylla pentachaeta — parralena, Tiny Tim; Verbesina virginica — iceweed; Vernonia lindheimeri — woolly ironweed; Viguiera dentata — sunflower goldeneye; Wedelia hispida — hairy wedelia; Xanthium strumarium — cocklebur
Berberidaceae / Barberry family: Berberis swaseyi — Texas barberry; Berberis trifoliolata — agarito
Boraginaceae / Borage family: Heliotropium indicum — India heliotrope; Heliotropium tenellum — pasture heliotrope; Lithospermum incisum — narrowleaf gromwell
Brassicaceae / Mustard family: Draba cuneifolia — wedgeleaf draba; Lesquerella recurvata — gaslight bladderpod; Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum — watercress
Bromeliaceae / Bromeliad family: Tillandsia recurvata — ballmoss
Cactaceae / Cactus family: Coryphantha sulcata — grooved nipple cactus; Echinocereus reichenbachii — lace hedgehog cactus; Opuntia engelmannii var. lindheimeri — Texas pricklypear; Opuntia macrorhiza — grassland pricklypear
Campanulaceae / Bellflower family: Lobelia cardinalis — cardinal flower; Triodanis perfoliata — clasping Venuslookingglass
Capparaceae / Caper family: Polanisia dodecandra — clammyweed
Caprifoliaceae / Honeysuckle family: Lonicera albiflora — white honeysuckle; Viburnum rufidulum — rusty blackhaw
Caryophyllaceae / Pink family: Arenaria benthamii — hilly sandwort; Stellaria media — chickweed
Chenopodiaceae / Goosefoot family: Chenopodium album — lambsquarters
Convolvulaceae / Morning-glory family: Convolvulus equitans — gray bindweed; Dichondra carolinensis — grass ponyfoot; Evolvulus nuttallianus — shaggy dwarf morningglory; Evolvulus sericeus — silky evolvulus; Ipomoea cordatotriloba var. torreyana — Torrey's tievine
Cornaceae / Dogwood family: Cornus drummondii — roughleaf dogwood
Cucurbitaceae / Gourd family: Cucurbita foetidissima — buffalo gourd
Cupressaceae / Cypress family: Juniperus ashei — Ashe juniper
Cyperaceae / Sedge family: Carex microdonta — littletooth sedge; Carex planostachys — cedar sedge; Cladium mariscus ssp. jamaicense — Jamaica sawgrass; Cyperus odoratus — fragrant flatsedge; Eleocharis acutisquamata — sharpscale spikerush; Eleocharis geniculata — tufted spikesedge; Fuirena simplex — western umbrellasedge; Rhynchospora colorata — starrush whitetop; Rhynchospora nivea — showy whitetop
Ebenaceae / Ebony family: Diospyros texana — Texas persimmon
Ericaceae / Heath family: Arbutus xalapensis — Texas madrone
Euphorbiaceae / Spurge family: Acalypha ostryifolia — hophornbeam copperleaf; Acalypha phleoides — shrubby copperleaf; Chamaesyce albomarginata — whitemargin euphorbia; Chamaesyce angusta — blackfoot sandmat; Chamaesyce fendleri — Fendler's sandmat; Chamaesyce nutans — nodding spurge; Chamaesyce prostrata — prostrate spurge; Croton monanthogynus — oneseeded croton; Ditaxis humilis — low wildmercury; Ditaxis simulans — plateau silverbush; Euphorbia bicolor — snow-on-the-prairie; Euphorbia cyathophora — fire on the mountain; Euphorbia dentata — toothed euphorbia; Phyllanthus polygonoides — knotweed leaflower; Stillingia texana — Texas queensdelight; Tragia brevispica — shortspike noseburn; Tragia ramosa — catnip noseburn
Fabaceae / Pea family: Acacia farnesiana — huisache; Acacia roemeriana — Roemer's acacia; Astragalus nuttallianus — smallflowered milkvetch; Cercis canadensis — eastern redbud; Dalea frutescens — black dalea; Desmanthus velutinus — velvet bundleflower; Eysenhardtia texana — Texas kidneywood; Indigofera miniata — western indigo; Lespedeza texana — Texas lespedeza; Lupinus texensis — Texas bluebonnet; Medicago minima — little burclover; Mimosa borealis — fragrant mimosa; Mimosa roemeriana — Roemer sensitivebriar; Mimosa texana — Texas mimosa; Pediomelum hypogaeum — scurfpea; Pediomelum latestipulatum — Texas Plains Indian breadroot; Pediomelum linearifolium — slimleaf scurfpea; Prosopis glandulosa — honey mesquite; Rhynchosia senna — Texas snoutbean; Senna roemeriana — twoleaf senna; Sophora affinis — Texas sophora; Sophora secundiflora — mescalbean; Vicia ludoviciana — Louisiana vetch

Fagaceae / Beech family: Quercus fusiformis — plateau oak; Quercus sinuata var. breviloba — white shin oak; Quercus texana — Spanish oak
Fumariaceae / Fumitory family: Corydalis aurea — scrambled eggs
Gentianaceae / Gentian family: Centaurium beyrichii — mountain pink; Centaurium texense — Texas centaury
Geraniaceae / Geranium family: Erodium texanum — Texas filaree; Geranium texanum — Texas geranium
Hippocastanaceae / Buckeye family: Aesculus pavia — red buckeye; Aesculus pavia var. flavescens — red buckeye
Hydrophyllaceae / Waterleaf family: Nama jamaicense — Jamaicanweed
Iridaceae / Iris family: Nemastylis geminiflora — prairie pleatleaf; Sisyrinchium dimorphum — wiry blueeyed grass; Sisyrinchium ensigerum — swordleaf blue-eyed grass
Juglandaceae / Walnut family: Carya illinoinensis — pecan; Juglans microcarpa — little walnut
Juncaceae / Rush family: Juncus filipendulus — ringseed rush; Juncus interior — inland rush; Juncus texanus — Texas rush
Krameriaceae / Ratany family: Krameria lanceolata — trailing ratany
Lamiaceae / Mint family: Hedeoma acinoides — slender hedeome; Hedeoma drummondii — Drummond falsepennyroyal; Hedeoma reverchonii — Reverchon's falsepennyroyal; Lamium amplexicaule — henbit; Monarda citriodora — lemon beebalm; Physostegia angustifolia — narrowleaf dragonhead; Salvia texana — Texas sage; Scutellaria drummondii — Drummond's skullcap; Scutellaria ovata — eggleaf skullcap; Scutellaria wrightii — resinous skullcap; Stachys crenata — mousesear; Warnockia scutellarioides — prairie brazosmint
Lentibulariaceae / Bladderwort family: Utricularia gibba — conespur bladderpod
Liliaceae / Lily family: Allium canadense var. canadense — meadow garlic; Allium drummondii — wild garlic; Camassia scilloides — Atlantic camas; Cooperia drummondii — Texas rainlilly; Cooperia pedunculata — Cooper's rainlily; Dasylirion texanum — Texas sotol; Nolina lindheimeriana — Lindheimer nolina; Nolina texana — sacahuista; Nothoscordum bivalve — crowpoison; Schoenocaulon texanum — Texas feathershank; Zigadenus nuttallii — Nuttall deathcamas
Linaceae / Flax family: Linum rupestre — rock flax
Loganiaceae / Logania family: Mitreola petiolata — lax hornpod; Spigelia hedyotidea — prairie pinkroot
Lythraceae / Loosestrife family: Lythrum ovalifolium — low loosestrife
Malpighiaceae / Malpighia family: Galphimia angustifolia — narrowleaf goldshower
Malvaceae / Mallow family: Abutilon fruticosum — Texas Indian mallow; Callirhoe pedata — palmleaf poppymallow; Sida abutifolia — spreading fanpetals
Menispermaceae / Moonseed family: Cocculus carolinus — Carolina snailseed
Moraceae / Mulberry family: Morus rubra — red mulberry
Najadaceae / Waternymph family: Najas guadalupensis — southern waternymph
Nyctaginaceae / Four-o'clock family: Boerhavia coccinea — scarlet spiderling; Mirabilis linearis — narrowleaf four-o'clock
Oleaceae / Olive family: Forestiera pubescens — elbowbush; Fraxinus pennsylvanica — green ash; Fraxinus texensis — Texas ash
Onagraceae / Evening-primrose family: Calylophus berlandieri ssp. pinifolius — Berlandier's sundrops; Ludwigia octovalvis — Mexican primrosewillow; Ludwigia palustris — marsh seedbox; Oenothera laciniata — cutleaf eveningprimrose; Oenothera speciosa — showy eveningprimrose; Oenothera triloba — stemless eveningprimrose
Orchidaceae / Orchid family: Epipactis gigantea — chatterbox orchid; Hexalectris spicata var. arizonica — spiked crested coralroot; Hexalectris spicata var. spicata — spiked crested coralroot; Spiranthes magnicamporum — Great Plains ladiestresses
Oxalidaceae / Wood sorrel family: Oxalis dillenii — common yellow oxalis; Oxalis drummondii — Drummond woodsorrel
Papaveraceae / Poppy family: Argemone albiflora — bluestem pricklypoppy
Passifloraceae / Passion-flower family: Passiflora lutea — passionflower; Passiflora tenuiloba — birdwing passionflower
Pedaliaceae / Sesame family: Proboscidea louisianica — devil's claw
Plantaginaceae / Plantain family: Plantago helleri — Heller's plantain; Plantago rhodosperma — redseed plantain
Platanaceae / Plane-tree family: Platanus occidentalis — American sycamore
Polemoniaceae / Phlox family: Gilia incisa — splitleaf gilia; Gilia rigidula ssp. rigidula — bluebowls
Polygalaceae / Milkwort family: Polygala alba — white milkwort; Polygala lindheimeri — shrubby milkwort
Potamogetonaceae / Pondweed family: Potamogeton illinoensis — Illinois pondweed
Primulaceae / Primrose family: Samolus valerandi ssp. parviflorus — water brookweed
Pteridaceae / Maidenhair fern family: Adiantum capillus-veneris — Venus hairfern; Cheilanthes alabamensis — Alabama lipfern; Cheilanthes tomentosa — woolly lipfern
Ranunculaceae / Buttercup family: Anemone heterophylla — wind-flower; Clematis drummondii — old man's beard; Delphinium carolinianum ssp. vimineum — Carolina larkspur
Rhamnaceae / Buckthorn family: Condalia hookeri — Brazilian bluewood
Rosaceae / Rose family: Prunus serotina — black cherry; Rubus trivialis — southern dewberry
Rubiaceae / Madder family: Cephalanthus occidentalis — common buttonbush; Galium aparine — catchweed bedstraw; Galium virgatum — southwest bedstraw; Hedyotis nigricans — diamondflowers
Rutaceae / Citrus family: Thamnosma texana — desert rue; Zanthoxylum hirsutum — prickly-ash
Salicaceae / Willow family: Salix nigra — black willow
Sapindaceae / Soapberry family: Sapindus saponaria var. drummondii — western soapberry
Sapotaceae / Sapodilla family: Sideroxylon lanuginosum ssp. albicans — gum bully
Scrophulariaceae / Figwort family: Agalinis edwardsiana — plateau false foxglove; Bacopa monnieri — herb of grace; Buchnera americana — American bluehearts; Castilleja purpurea var. lindheimeri — Lindheimer's Indian paintbrush; Leucospora multifida — narrowleaf paleseed; Mecardonia vandellioides — yellow mecardonia; Verbascum thapsus — flannel mullein
Smilacaceae / Greenbriar family: Smilax bona-nox — saw greenbrier
Solanaceae / Potato family: Bouchetia erecta — paintedtongue; Chamaesaracha coniodes — gray false nightshade; Datura inoxia — pricklyburr; Physalis cinerascens var. cinerascens — smallflower groundcherry; Solanum dimidiatum — Torrey nightshade; Solanum elaeagnifolium — silverleaf nightshade; Solanum rostratum — buffalobur
Typhaceae / Cat-tail family: Typha domingensis — southern cattail
Ulmaceae / Elm family: Celtis laevigata var. reticulata — netleaf hackberry; Ulmus crassifolia — cedar elm
Urticaceae / Nettle family: Parietaria pensylvanica — Pennsylvania pellitory
Verbenaceae / Vervain family: Glandularia bipinnatifida — Dakota vervain; Phyla nodiflora — sawtooth fogfruit; Verbena canescens — gray vervain; Verbena halei — slender verbena
Viscaceae / Mistletoe family: Phoradendron tomentosum — bigleaf mistletoe
Vitaceae / Grape family: Ampelopsis arborea — peppervine; Cissus incisa — sorrelvine; Parthenocissus heptaphylla — sevenleaf creeper; Parthenocissus quinquefolia — Virginia creeper; Vitis cinerea var. helleri — Heller's grape; Vitis monticola — mountain grape; Vitis mustangensis — mustang grape